| Micropipette | | A precision tool used to measure and transfer very small volumes of liquid |
| Pipette Tips | | Disposable plastic tips attached to micropipettes to draw up and dispense liquid |
| Centrifuge | | A machine that spins samples at high speed to separate components based on density |
| Microcentrifuge Tube (Eppendorf Tube) | | Small plastic tubes (usually 1.5–2 mL) used to hold samples during centrifugation |
| Test Tube |  | Glass or plastic tube used for mixing or heating chemicals |
| Beaker | | A glass container used to hold, mix, or heat liquids |
| Erlenmeyer Flask |  | A conical flask used for mixing, culturing, or heating solutions |
| Hot Plate |  | A flat surface used to heat samples in the lab |
| Vortex Mixer |  | Used to mix small volumes of liquid quickly by creating a vortex |
| Spectrophotometer | | Measures the absorbance or optical density (OD) of samples to determine concentration |
| pH Meter | | Measures the acidity or alkalinity (pH) of a solution accurately |
| Gel Electrophoresis Apparatus | | Used to separate DNA, RNA, or proteins by size using an electric field through agarose or polyacrylamide gel |
| Power Supply (for gel) | | Provides electric current for gel electrophoresis |
| Incubator | | Maintains a constant temperature for culturing cells or bacteria |
| Autoclave |  | Sterilizes equipment and media using high-pressure steam |
| Laminar Flow Hood | | Provides a sterile working environment to prevent contamination |
